Our Reviews

Our Reviews

Full list:

By subtopic:

Population (61)
Adult (56)
Acupuncture for (sub)acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers
Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica
Anticonvulsants for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Antidepressants for non-specific low back pain
Arthroplasty versus fusion for single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (protocol stage)
Back Schools for chronic non-specific low back pain
Back schools for acute and subacute non-specific low-back pain
Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain
Biofeedback for neck pain (protocol stage)
Botulinum toxin injections for low-back pain and sciatica
Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) for detecting clinically important cervical spine injury following blunt trauma (protocol stage)
Cognitive-behavioural treatment for subacute and chronic neck pain
Combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain
Cryotherapy for acute non-specific neck pain (protocol stage)
Electrotherapy for neck pain
Exercises for mechanical neck disorders
Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
Exercise therapy for acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain
Chinese herbal medicine for chronic neck pain due to cervical degenerative disc disease
Individual patient education for low back pain
Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low-back pain
Intraoperative neuromonitoring for the prevention of iatrogenic injury during cervical and thoracic spine surgery (protocol stage)
Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain
Low-level laser therapy for neck pain (protocol stage)
Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain
Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment
Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain (protocol stage)
Massage for mechanical neck disorders
Mechanical traction for neck pain with or without radiculopathy
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain
Nucleoplasty for cervical radiculopathy or cervical radicular pain due to disc herniation (protocol stage)
Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain
Paracetamol for low back pain
Patient education for neck pain
Pedicle screw-based dynamic stabilisation systems versus pedicle screw-based rigid fusion system for lumbar degenerative diseases (protocol stage)
Pilates for low back pain
Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain
Radiofrequency denervation for chronic low back pain
Sling exercise therapy for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain
Surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy
Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis
Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non-radicular low back pain (protocol stage)
Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non-specific low back pain: prognostic factor review
Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration
Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain
Workplace interventions for low-back pain in workers (protocol stage)
Workplace interventions for neck pain in workers
Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain
Child & Adolescent (4)
Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in pediatric trauma patients
Exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Surgical versus non-surgical interventions in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Older adults (1)
Exercise therapy for older adults with low-back pain (protocol stage)
Target condition (96)
Low back pain (69)
Lumbar disc disease (4)
Pedicle screw-based dynamic stabilisation systems versus pedicle screw-based rigid fusion system for lumbar degenerative diseases (protocol stage)
Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis
Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation
Surgical interventions for lumbar disc prolapse
Non-specific low back pain (56)
Acute (5)
Acupuncture for (sub)acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Exercise therapy for acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Motor control exercise for acute non-specific low back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain
Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non-specific low back pain: prognostic factor review
Chronic (20)
Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain
Antibiotic treatment for low back pain or radicular pain, or both (protocol stage)
Anticonvulsants for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Back Schools for chronic non-specific low back pain
Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain
Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
Herbal medicine for low-back pain
Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain
Muscle energy technique for non-specific low-back pain
Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain
Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain
Radiofrequency denervation for chronic low back pain
Sling exercise therapy for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain (protocol stage)
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain
Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non-specific low back pain: prognostic factor review
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain
Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain
Subacute (3)
Acupuncture for (sub)acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain
Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non-specific low back pain: prognostic factor review
Mixed duration (28)
Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain
Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers
Antidepressants for non-specific low back pain
Back schools for acute and subacute non-specific low-back pain
Back schools for non-specific low-back pain.
Botulinum toxin injections for low-back pain and sciatica
Combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain
Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain
Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain
Herbal medicine for low-back pain
Individual patient education for low back pain
Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low-back pain
Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain
Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain
Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain
Massage for low-back pain
Muscle relaxants for non-specific low-back pain
Neuroreflexotherapy for non-specific low-back pain
Non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatments for low back pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews (protocol stage)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain
Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain
Physical therapy interventions for pelvic girdle pain (PGP) after pregnancy (protocol stage)
Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain
Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain
Pilates for low back pain
Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery
Superficial heat or cold for low back pain
Workplace interventions for low-back pain in workers (protocol stage)
Sciatica/radiculopathy (5)
Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica
Botulinum toxin injections for low-back pain and sciatica
Epidural corticosteroid injections for lumbosacral radicular pain
Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain
Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica
Stenosis (4)
Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis
Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication
Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis
Neck pain (23)
Degenerative disc disease (2)
Arthroplasty versus fusion for single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (protocol stage)
Single or double-level anterior interbody fusion techniques for cervical degenerative disc disease
Non-specific (13)
Biofeedback for neck pain (protocol stage)
Cognitive-behavioural treatment for subacute and chronic neck pain
Cryotherapy for acute non-specific neck pain (protocol stage)
Electrotherapy for neck pain
Low-level laser therapy for neck pain (protocol stage)
Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment
Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain (protocol stage)
Massage for mechanical neck disorders
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for neck and shoulder pain among working age adults
Orthoses for mechanical neck disorders (protocol stage)
Patient education for neck pain
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain
Workplace interventions for neck pain in workers
Radiculopathy or myelopathy (2)
Nucleoplasty for cervical radiculopathy or cervical radicular pain due to disc herniation (protocol stage)
Surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy
Whiplash associated disorders (6)
Conservative treatments for whiplash
Electrotherapy for neck pain
Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment
Massage for mechanical neck disorders
Mechanical traction for neck pain with or without radiculopathy
Patient education for neck pain
Scoliosis (4)
Anterior versus posterior spinal correction and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (protocol stage)
Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Surgical versus non-surgical interventions in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Review Type (100)
Diagnosis (6)
Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) for detecting clinically important cervical spine injury following blunt trauma (protocol stage)
Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) for detecting clinically important cervical spine injury following blunt trauma (protocol stage)
Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in pediatric trauma patients
Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain
Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain
Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain
Prevention (6)
Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers
Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain
Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain
Intraoperative neuromonitoring for the prevention of iatrogenic injury during cervical and thoracic spine surgery (protocol stage)
Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain
Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain
Prognosis (1)
Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non-specific low back pain: prognostic factor review
Treatment (85)
Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain
Acupuncture for (sub)acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain
Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers
Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica
Anterior versus posterior spinal correction and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (protocol stage)
Anticonvulsants for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Antidepressants for non-specific low back pain
Arthroplasty versus fusion for single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (protocol stage)
Back Schools for chronic non-specific low back pain
Back schools for acute and subacute non-specific low-back pain
Back schools for non-specific low-back pain.
Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain
Biofeedback for neck pain (protocol stage)
Botulinum toxin injections for low-back pain and sciatica
Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Cognitive-behavioural treatment for subacute and chronic neck pain
Combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain
Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis
Conservative treatments for whiplash
Epidural corticosteroid injections for lumbosacral radicular pain
Cryotherapy for acute non-specific neck pain (protocol stage)
Electrotherapy for neck pain
Exercises for mechanical neck disorders
Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
Exercise therapy for acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain
Exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Single or double-level anterior interbody fusion techniques for cervical degenerative disc disease
Chinese herbal medicine for chronic neck pain due to cervical degenerative disc disease
Herbal medicine for low-back pain
Individual patient education for low back pain
Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low-back pain
Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain
Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain
Low-level laser therapy for neck pain (protocol stage)
Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain
Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment
Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain (protocol stage)
Massage for low-back pain
Massage for mechanical neck disorders
Mechanical traction for neck pain with or without radiculopathy
Motor control exercise for acute non-specific low back pain
Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for neck and shoulder pain among working age adults
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain
Muscle energy technique for non-specific low-back pain
Muscle relaxants for non-specific low-back pain
Neuroreflexotherapy for non-specific low-back pain
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain
Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication
Nucleoplasty for cervical radiculopathy or cervical radicular pain due to disc herniation (protocol stage)
Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain
Orthoses for mechanical neck disorders (protocol stage)
Paracetamol for low back pain
Patient education for neck pain
Pedicle screw-based dynamic stabilisation systems versus pedicle screw-based rigid fusion system for lumbar degenerative diseases (protocol stage)
Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain
Pilates for low back pain
Posterior surgical approach procedures for cervical myelopathy (protocol stage)
Postoperative braces for degenerative lumbar diseases (protocol stage)
Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain
Radiofrequency denervation for chronic low back pain
Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery
Sling exercise therapy for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain
Superficial heat or cold for low back pain
Surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy
Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis
Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation
Surgical versus non-surgical interventions in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis
Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non-radicular low back pain (protocol stage)
Surgical interventions for lumbar disc prolapse
Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration
Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain
Workplace interventions for low-back pain in workers (protocol stage)
Workplace interventions for neck pain in workers
Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain
Harms (2)
Impact of long-term opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain on misuse, abuse or addiction, overdose, falls and fractures (protocol stage)
Potential harms of interventions for spinal metastatic disease (protocol stage)
Intervention (94)
Acupuncture (4)
Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain
Acupuncture for (sub)acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Acupuncture for chronic neck pain (protocol stage)
Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain
Education (6)
Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica
Back Schools for chronic non-specific low back pain
Back schools for acute and subacute non-specific low-back pain
Back schools for non-specific low-back pain.
Individual patient education for low back pain
Patient education for neck pain
Exercise (12)
Exercises for mechanical neck disorders
Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
Exercise therapy for acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol stage)
Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain
Exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain
Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain (protocol stage)
Motor control exercise for acute non-specific low back pain
Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain
Pilates for low back pain
Sling exercise therapy for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain
Herbal (2)
Chinese herbal medicine for chronic neck pain due to cervical degenerative disc disease
Herbal medicine for low-back pain
Injections (4)
Botulinum toxin injections for low-back pain and sciatica
Epidural corticosteroid injections for lumbosacral radicular pain
Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low-back pain
Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain
Manual therapy (10)
Combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain
Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment
Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain (protocol stage)
Massage for low-back pain
Massage for mechanical neck disorders
Mechanical traction for neck pain with or without radiculopathy
Muscle energy technique for non-specific low-back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain
Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica
Medication (10)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain
Anticonvulsants for chronic low-back pain (protocol stage)
Antidepressants for non-specific low back pain
Impact of long-term opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain on misuse, abuse or addiction, overdose, falls and fractures (protocol stage)
Muscle relaxants for non-specific low-back pain
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for sciatica
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain
Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain
Paracetamol, NSAIDS and opioid analgesics for chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)
Mix of conservative interventions (5)
Conservative treatments for whiplash
Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication
Pharmacological treatments for low back pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews (protocol stage)
Telerehabilitation for acute, subacute and chronic low back pain (protocol stage)
Telerehabilitation for neck pain (protocol stage)
Mix of surgical interventions (2)
Surgical versus non-surgical interventions in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis
Orthotic devices (5)
Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain
Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain
Orthoses for mechanical neck disorders (protocol stage)
Postoperative braces for degenerative lumbar diseases (protocol stage)
Physical examination (3)
Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain
Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain
Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain
Physical therapy (13)
Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Cryotherapy for acute non-specific neck pain (protocol stage)
Electrotherapy for neck pain
Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for neck and shoulder pain among working age adults
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain
Neuroreflexotherapy for non-specific low-back pain
Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery
Superficial heat or cold for low back pain
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain
Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain
Psychological therapy (2)
Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain
Cognitive-behavioural treatment for subacute and chronic neck pain
Surgery (12)
Anterior versus posterior approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (protocol stage)
Anterior versus posterior spinal correction and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (protocol stage)
Arthroplasty versus fusion for single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (protocol stage)
Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis
Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis
Single or double-level anterior interbody fusion techniques for cervical degenerative disc disease
Posterior surgical approach procedures for cervical myelopathy (protocol stage)
Surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy
Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis
Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation
Surgical interventions for lumbar disc prolapse
Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration
Workplace (2)
Workplace interventions for low-back pain in workers (protocol stage)
Workplace interventions for neck pain in workers
Workplace modification (2)
Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers
Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain